Skadden: 194/288 returned four-engine answers (67.4%; 95% interval 61.7–72.5%). The two leading intervals overlap; no sole leader is established.
RESEARCH · Published April 4, 2026 · Updated November 10, 2026
Elite Law Firms Index 2.0: Skadden and Latham & Watkins Lead
288
AI answers analyzed across ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity
67.4%
of answers named Skadden, the most-named (194 of 288)
43
tracked firms named at least once (of 43)
85.4%
of Google searches showed an AI Overview (35 of 41)
Version 2. This version replaces the first version of this study, first published May 12, 2026. It uses measured counts, so the two versions are not comparable. Version 2 asks 24 questions three times each on ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity (288 answers) and adds Google AI Overviews. Every rate comes with its count and a 95% interval.
What the data shows
01
Skadden
Skadden: 194/288 returned four-engine answers (67.4%; 95% interval 61.7–72.5%). The two leading intervals overlap; no sole leader is established.
02
60/288 (20.8%)
Kirkland & Ellis was the first firm named in 60 of 288 answers, more than any other tracked firm. Its average first position was 3.4. Skadden was named first in 22 of 288.
03
31/72 (43.1%)
Claude named White & Case in 31 of 72 answers. The other engines named it in 10 to 14 of 72.
04
38/72 (52.8%)
Claude named Davis Polk in 38 of 72 answers. The other engines named it in 12 to 25 of 72.
05
99/288 (34.4%)
Skadden's own domains were cited in 99 of 288 grounded answers, more than any other tracked firm. Latham & Watkins followed at 80 of 288. 3 of 43 tracked firms had 0 of 288.
06
35/41 (85.4%)
Google AI Overviews appeared on 35 of 41 searches (CI 71.6–93.1%). On the other 6, no overview was shown.
07
22/35 (62.9%)
Latham & Watkins and Kirkland & Ellis were the firms named most often in AI Overviews, at 22 of 35 each (62.9%). In the four-engine set, Latham & Watkins was named in 192 of 288 answers (66.7%).
08
152/288 (52.8%)
chambers.com was cited in 152 of 288 grounded four-engine answers, with 250 of 2,539 citations (9.8%). skadden.com came second with 116 citations in 99 answers (34.4%).
Appearance rate across 288 four-engine answers. The bar is the 95% confidence interval; overlapping bars cannot be told apart at this sample size.
Which firms AI engines name
Skadden
67.4%
Latham & Watkins
66.7%
Kirkland & Ellis
55.9%
Paul, Weiss
53.8%
Gibson Dunn
51.0%
Sullivan & Cromwell
33.3%
Davis Polk
31.6%
Cleary Gottlieb
31.3%
Covington & Burling
26.7%
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
26.4%
Cravath, Swaine & Moore
25.7%
Debevoise & Plimpton
24.3%
White & Case
23.3%
WilmerHale
22.9%
Paul Hastings
22.6%
| # | Name | Named in | Appearance rate | 95% interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 194/288 | 67.4% | 61.7–72.5% |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 192/288 | 66.7% | 61.0–71.9% |
| 3 | Kirkland & Ellis | 161/288 | 55.9% | 50.1–61.5% |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 155/288 | 53.8% | 48.0–59.5% |
| 5 | Gibson Dunn | 147/288 | 51.0% | 45.3–56.8% |
| 6 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 96/288 | 33.3% | 28.1–39.0% |
| 7 | Davis Polk | 91/288 | 31.6% | 26.5–37.2% |
| 8 | Cleary Gottlieb | 90/288 | 31.3% | 26.2–36.8% |
| 9 | Covington & Burling | 77/288 | 26.7% | 22.0–32.1% |
| 10 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 76/288 | 26.4% | 21.6–31.8% |
| 11 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 74/288 | 25.7% | 21.0–31.0% |
| 12 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 70/288 | 24.3% | 19.7–29.6% |
| 13 | White & Case | 67/288 | 23.3% | 18.8–28.5% |
| 14 | WilmerHale | 66/288 | 22.9% | 18.4–28.1% |
| 15 | Paul Hastings | 65/288 | 22.6% | 18.1–27.7% |
The full list
Own-domain citation is the share of 288 grounded answers that cited the tracked name's own domains (subdomains included). Citation share is of all 2,539 citations.
| # | Brand | Named in | Appearance rate | 95% interval | First mention | Own-domain citation | Citation share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 194/288 | 67.4% | 61.7–72.5% | 4.6 | 34.4% (99/288) | 4.6% |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 192/288 | 66.7% | 61–71.9% | 3.9 | 27.8% (80/288) | 3.5% |
| 3 | Kirkland & Ellis | 161/288 | 55.9% | 50.1–61.5% | 3.4 | 12.8% (37/288) | 1.5% |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 155/288 | 53.8% | 48–59.5% | 5.4 | 16% (46/288) | 2.1% |
| 5 | Gibson Dunn | 147/288 | 51% | 45.3–56.8% | 5.1 | 21.5% (62/288) | 2.5% |
| 6 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 96/288 | 33.3% | 28.1–39% | 6.1 | 8.3% (24/288) | 0.9% |
| 7 | Davis Polk | 91/288 | 31.6% | 26.5–37.2% | 6.8 | 3.1% (9/288) | 0.4% |
| 8 | Cleary Gottlieb | 90/288 | 31.3% | 26.2–36.8% | 5.7 | 7.6% (22/288) | 0.9% |
| 9 | Covington & Burling | 77/288 | 26.7% | 22–32.1% | 5 | 9.7% (28/288) | 1.1% |
| 10 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 76/288 | 26.4% | 21.6–31.8% | 6.1 | 2.4% (7/288) | 0.3% |
| 11 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 74/288 | 25.7% | 21–31% | 5.1 | 5.2% (15/288) | 0.6% |
| 12 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 70/288 | 24.3% | 19.7–29.6% | 5.4 | 9.4% (27/288) | 1.2% |
| 13 | White & Case | 67/288 | 23.3% | 18.8–28.5% | 7.3 | 8% (23/288) | 0.9% |
| 14 | WilmerHale | 66/288 | 22.9% | 18.4–28.1% | 4.9 | 12.2% (35/288) | 1.5% |
| 15 | Paul Hastings | 65/288 | 22.6% | 18.1–27.7% | 8.2 | 12.2% (35/288) | 1.5% |
| 16 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 65/288 | 22.6% | 18.1–27.7% | 6 | 1% (3/288) | 0.1% |
| 17 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 62/288 | 21.5% | 17.2–26.6% | 6.5 | 5.2% (15/288) | 0.6% |
| 18 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 53/288 | 18.4% | 14.4–23.3% | 4.8 | 12.5% (36/288) | 1.9% |
| 19 | Ropes & Gray | 51/288 | 17.7% | 13.7–22.5% | 8.2 | 2.4% (7/288) | 0.3% |
| 20 | Williams & Connolly | 50/288 | 17.4% | 13.4–22.2% | 5.4 | 6.3% (18/288) | 0.7% |
| 21 | Quinn Emanuel | 44/288 | 15.3% | 11.6–19.9% | 6.2 | 3.8% (11/288) | 0.5% |
| 22 | Sidley Austin | 40/288 | 13.9% | 10.4–18.4% | 7.4 | 5.6% (16/288) | 0.6% |
| 23 | Baker McKenzie | 39/288 | 13.5% | 10.1–18% | 9.6 | 2.1% (6/288) | 0.2% |
| 24 | Goodwin Procter | 37/288 | 12.8% | 9.5–17.2% | 9.7 | 4.2% (12/288) | 0.5% |
| 25 | Jones Day | 35/288 | 12.2% | 8.9–16.4% | 9.7 | 2.4% (7/288) | 0.3% |
| 26 | Morgan Lewis | 35/288 | 12.2% | 8.9–16.4% | 10.5 | 5.9% (17/288) | 0.7% |
| 27 | DLA Piper | 34/288 | 11.8% | 8.6–16% | 10.1 | 1% (3/288) | 0.1% |
| 28 | King & Spalding | 32/288 | 11.1% | 8–15.3% | 10.8 | 2.4% (7/288) | 0.3% |
The full list (continued)
| # | Brand | Named in | Appearance rate | 95% interval | First mention | Own-domain citation | Citation share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 | Arnold & Porter | 30/288 | 10.4% | 7.4–14.5% | 8.2 | 4.2% (12/288) | 0.6% |
| 30 | Freshfields | 30/288 | 10.4% | 7.4–14.5% | 9.7 | 0.3% (1/288) | 0% |
| 31 | Akin | 29/288 | 10.1% | 7.1–14.1% | 8.1 | 2.1% (6/288) | 0.2% |
| 32 | Hogan Lovells | 29/288 | 10.1% | 7.1–14.1% | 8.6 | 3.5% (10/288) | 0.4% |
| 33 | Milbank | 29/288 | 10.1% | 7.1–14.1% | 5.7 | 2.1% (6/288) | 0.2% |
| 34 | Cooley | 28/288 | 9.7% | 6.8–13.7% | 7.2 | 5.9% (17/288) | 0.7% |
| 35 | Proskauer Rose | 23/288 | 8% | 5.4–11.7% | 7.4 | 3.1% (9/288) | 0.4% |
| 36 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 21/288 | 7.3% | 4.8–10.9% | 9.4 | 2.1% (6/288) | 0.2% |
| 37 | Susman Godfrey | 19/288 | 6.6% | 4.3–10.1% | 6.4 | 0.7% (2/288) | 0.1% |
| 38 | Fried Frank | 18/288 | 6.3% | 4–9.7% | 8.6 | 0% (0/288) | 0% |
| 39 | Wilson Sonsini | 17/288 | 5.9% | 3.7–9.2% | 5.9 | 4.9% (14/288) | 0.6% |
| 40 | Withers | 17/288 | 5.9% | 3.7–9.2% | 2.8 | 1.4% (4/288) | 0.2% |
| 41 | Greenberg Traurig | 15/288 | 5.2% | 3.2–8.4% | 7.6 | 2.1% (6/288) | 0.2% |
| 42 | A&O Shearman | 11/288 | 3.8% | 2.1–6.7% | 10.2 | 0% (0/288) | 0% |
| 43 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 1/288 | 0.3% | 0.1–1.9% | 9 | 0% (0/288) | 0% |
Question group: Overall
12 returned four-engine answers to this group's 1 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gibson Dunn | 12/12 | 100.0% | 75.7–100.0% | 0 |
| 2 | Kirkland & Ellis | 12/12 | 100.0% | 75.7–100.0% | 4 |
| 3 | Latham & Watkins | 12/12 | 100.0% | 75.7–100.0% | 0 |
| 4 | Skadden | 12/12 | 100.0% | 75.7–100.0% | 0 |
| 5 | DLA Piper | 11/12 | 91.7% | 64.6–98.5% | 0 |
| 6 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 11/12 | 91.7% | 64.6–98.5% | 0 |
| 7 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 10/12 | 83.3% | 55.2–95.3% | 8 |
| 8 | Davis Polk | 10/12 | 83.3% | 55.2–95.3% | 0 |
| 9 | Paul, Weiss | 10/12 | 83.3% | 55.2–95.3% | 0 |
| 10 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 10/12 | 83.3% | 55.2–95.3% | 0 |
| 11 | Sidley Austin | 9/12 | 75.0% | 46.8–91.1% | 0 |
| 12 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 8/12 | 66.7% | 39.1–86.2% | 0 |
| 13 | White & Case | 8/12 | 66.7% | 39.1–86.2% | 0 |
| 14 | Baker McKenzie | 7/12 | 58.3% | 32.0–80.7% | 0 |
| 15 | Morgan Lewis | 7/12 | 58.3% | 32.0–80.7% | 0 |
| 16 | Ropes & Gray | 7/12 | 58.3% | 32.0–80.7% | 0 |
| 17 | Jones Day | 5/12 | 41.7% | 19.3–68.0% | 0 |
| 18 | Quinn Emanuel | 5/12 | 41.7% | 19.3–68.0% | 0 |
| 19 | Milbank | 4/12 | 33.3% | 13.8–60.9% | 0 |
| 20 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 3/12 | 25.0% | 8.9–53.2% | 0 |
| 21 | Greenberg Traurig | 3/12 | 25.0% | 8.9–53.2% | 0 |
| 22 | Susman Godfrey | 3/12 | 25.0% | 8.9–53.2% | 0 |
| 23 | Paul Hastings | 2/12 | 16.7% | 4.7–44.8% | 0 |
| 24 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 2/12 | 16.7% | 4.7–44.8% | 0 |
| 25 | Covington & Burling | 1/12 | 8.3% | 1.5–35.4% | 0 |
| 26 | Hogan Lovells | 1/12 | 8.3% | 1.5–35.4% | 0 |
| 27 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 1/12 | 8.3% | 1.5–35.4% | 0 |
| 28 | Williams & Connolly | 1/12 | 8.3% | 1.5–35.4% | 0 |
| 29 | A&O Shearman | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 30 | Akin | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 31 | Arnold & Porter | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 32 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 33 | Cleary Gottlieb | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 34 | Cooley | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 35 | Freshfields | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 36 | Fried Frank | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 37 | Goodwin Procter | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 38 | King & Spalding | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 39 | Proskauer Rose | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 40 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 41 | WilmerHale | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/12 | 0.0% | 0.0–24.3% | 0 |
Question group: M&A
36 returned four-engine answers to this group's 3 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 35/36 | 97.2% | 85.8–99.5% | 0 |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 32/36 | 88.9% | 74.7–95.6% | 7 |
| 3 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 29/36 | 80.6% | 65.0–90.2% | 0 |
| 4 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 28/36 | 77.8% | 61.9–88.3% | 17 |
| 5 | Kirkland & Ellis | 27/36 | 75.0% | 58.9–86.2% | 9 |
| 6 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 21/36 | 58.3% | 42.2–72.9% | 0 |
| 7 | Paul, Weiss | 19/36 | 52.8% | 37.0–68.0% | 3 |
| 8 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 16/36 | 44.4% | 29.5–60.4% | 0 |
| 9 | Davis Polk | 13/36 | 36.1% | 22.5–52.4% | 0 |
| 10 | Cleary Gottlieb | 11/36 | 30.6% | 18.0–46.9% | 0 |
| 11 | Paul Hastings | 11/36 | 30.6% | 18.0–46.9% | 0 |
| 12 | Gibson Dunn | 10/36 | 27.8% | 15.8–44.0% | 0 |
| 13 | Hogan Lovells | 9/36 | 25.0% | 13.8–41.1% | 0 |
| 14 | Sidley Austin | 9/36 | 25.0% | 13.8–41.1% | 0 |
| 15 | Goodwin Procter | 8/36 | 22.2% | 11.7–38.1% | 0 |
| 16 | White & Case | 7/36 | 19.4% | 9.8–35.0% | 0 |
| 17 | Fried Frank | 4/36 | 11.1% | 4.4–25.3% | 0 |
| 18 | Quinn Emanuel | 4/36 | 11.1% | 4.4–25.3% | 0 |
| 19 | Cooley | 3/36 | 8.3% | 2.9–21.8% | 0 |
| 20 | DLA Piper | 3/36 | 8.3% | 2.9–21.8% | 0 |
| 21 | Freshfields | 3/36 | 8.3% | 2.9–21.8% | 0 |
| 22 | A&O Shearman | 2/36 | 5.6% | 1.5–18.1% | 0 |
| 23 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 2/36 | 5.6% | 1.5–18.1% | 0 |
| 24 | Baker McKenzie | 1/36 | 2.8% | 0.5–14.2% | 0 |
| 25 | Morgan Lewis | 1/36 | 2.8% | 0.5–14.2% | 0 |
| 26 | Ropes & Gray | 1/36 | 2.8% | 0.5–14.2% | 0 |
| 27 | Wilson Sonsini | 1/36 | 2.8% | 0.5–14.2% | 0 |
| 28 | Akin | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 29 | Arnold & Porter | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 30 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 31 | Covington & Burling | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 32 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 33 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 34 | Jones Day | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 35 | King & Spalding | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 36 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 37 | Milbank | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 38 | Proskauer Rose | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 39 | Susman Godfrey | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 40 | Williams & Connolly | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 41 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 42 | WilmerHale | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/36 | 0.0% | 0.0–9.6% | 0 |
Question group: White-collar defense
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gibson Dunn | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 3 |
| 2 | Williams & Connolly | 18/24 | 75.0% | 55.1–88.0% | 10 |
| 3 | Paul, Weiss | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 2 |
| 4 | WilmerHale | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 1 |
| 5 | Covington & Burling | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 0 |
| 6 | Skadden | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 2 |
| 7 | Latham & Watkins | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 0 |
| 8 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 12/24 | 50.0% | 31.4–68.6% | 2 |
| 9 | Davis Polk | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 10 | Kirkland & Ellis | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 11 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 12 | Arnold & Porter | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 13 | Cleary Gottlieb | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 3 |
| 14 | King & Spalding | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 15 | Paul Hastings | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 16 | White & Case | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 17 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 18 | Quinn Emanuel | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 19 | Sidley Austin | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 1 |
| 20 | Greenberg Traurig | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 21 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 22 | Akin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 23 | Baker McKenzie | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 24 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 25 | Cooley | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 26 | DLA Piper | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 27 | Freshfields | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 28 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 29 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 30 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Jones Day | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Morgan Lewis | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Ropes & Gray | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: SEC enforcement
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 22/24 | 91.7% | 74.2–97.7% | 3 |
| 2 | Gibson Dunn | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 5 |
| 3 | WilmerHale | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 6 |
| 4 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 7 |
| 5 | Latham & Watkins | 11/24 | 45.8% | 27.9–64.9% | 3 |
| 6 | Covington & Burling | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 7 | Paul, Weiss | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 8 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 9 | Kirkland & Ellis | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 10 | Davis Polk | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 11 | Cleary Gottlieb | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 12 | Morgan Lewis | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 13 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 14 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 15 | Paul Hastings | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 16 | A&O Shearman | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 17 | Ropes & Gray | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 18 | Baker McKenzie | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 19 | Freshfields | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 20 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 21 | Quinn Emanuel | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 22 | Sidley Austin | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 23 | Williams & Connolly | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 24 | King & Spalding | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 25 | Milbank | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 26 | Arnold & Porter | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 27 | Cooley | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | DLA Piper | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 29 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 30 | White & Case | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 31 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 32 | Akin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Jones Day | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Antitrust
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Latham & Watkins | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 4 |
| 2 | Gibson Dunn | 17/24 | 70.8% | 50.8–85.1% | 5 |
| 3 | Cleary Gottlieb | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 9 |
| 4 | Skadden | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 0 |
| 5 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 1 |
| 6 | Paul, Weiss | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 1 |
| 7 | Arnold & Porter | 12/24 | 50.0% | 31.4–68.6% | 0 |
| 8 | Covington & Burling | 11/24 | 45.8% | 27.9–64.9% | 0 |
| 9 | Kirkland & Ellis | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 2 |
| 10 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 11 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 12 | Wilson Sonsini | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 13 | Freshfields | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 14 | Jones Day | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 15 | White & Case | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 16 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 1 |
| 17 | Davis Polk | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 18 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 19 | Cooley | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 20 | Hogan Lovells | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 21 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 22 | A&O Shearman | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 23 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 24 | Fried Frank | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 25 | Goodwin Procter | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 26 | Morgan Lewis | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 27 | Ropes & Gray | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 28 | Williams & Connolly | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 1 |
| 29 | King & Spalding | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 30 | Quinn Emanuel | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Sidley Austin | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Paul Hastings | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 33 | WilmerHale | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 34 | Akin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Baker McKenzie | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | DLA Piper | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: CFIUS and national security
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 23/24 | 95.8% | 79.8–99.3% | 1 |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 0 |
| 3 | Covington & Burling | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 15 |
| 4 | Paul Hastings | 17/24 | 70.8% | 50.8–85.1% | 0 |
| 5 | White & Case | 17/24 | 70.8% | 50.8–85.1% | 2 |
| 6 | WilmerHale | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 0 |
| 7 | Cleary Gottlieb | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 1 |
| 8 | Freshfields | 12/24 | 50.0% | 31.4–68.6% | 0 |
| 9 | Kirkland & Ellis | 12/24 | 50.0% | 31.4–68.6% | 5 |
| 10 | Hogan Lovells | 11/24 | 45.8% | 27.9–64.9% | 0 |
| 11 | Cooley | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 12 | DLA Piper | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 13 | Akin | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 14 | King & Spalding | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 15 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 16 | Davis Polk | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 17 | Baker McKenzie | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 18 | Goodwin Procter | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 19 | Morgan Lewis | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 20 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 21 | Gibson Dunn | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 22 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 23 | Ropes & Gray | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 24 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 25 | Sidley Austin | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 26 | Arnold & Porter | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 27 | Jones Day | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 28 | Wilson Sonsini | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 29 | A&O Shearman | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 30 | Paul, Weiss | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 31 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 32 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Quinn Emanuel | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Williams & Connolly | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Trusts and estates
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 22/24 | 91.7% | 74.2–97.7% | 13 |
| 2 | Withers | 17/24 | 70.8% | 50.8–85.1% | 4 |
| 3 | Paul, Weiss | 11/24 | 45.8% | 27.9–64.9% | 1 |
| 4 | Proskauer Rose | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 5 | Milbank | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 1 |
| 6 | Skadden | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 3 |
| 7 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 8 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 9 | White & Case | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 10 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 1 |
| 11 | Ropes & Gray | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 12 | Akin | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 13 | Goodwin Procter | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 14 | Greenberg Traurig | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 15 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 16 | Arnold & Porter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 17 | Baker McKenzie | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 18 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 19 | Cleary Gottlieb | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 20 | Cooley | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 21 | Covington & Burling | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 22 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 23 | DLA Piper | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 24 | Davis Polk | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 25 | Freshfields | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 26 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 27 | Gibson Dunn | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 28 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 29 | Jones Day | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 30 | King & Spalding | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Kirkland & Ellis | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Latham & Watkins | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Morgan Lewis | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Paul Hastings | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Quinn Emanuel | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Sidley Austin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Williams & Connolly | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | WilmerHale | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Tax
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 12 |
| 2 | Baker McKenzie | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 4 |
| 3 | Latham & Watkins | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 3 |
| 4 | Kirkland & Ellis | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 2 |
| 5 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 0 |
| 6 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 7 | Cleary Gottlieb | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 3 |
| 8 | Gibson Dunn | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 9 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 10 | Davis Polk | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 11 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 12 | Covington & Burling | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 13 | Greenberg Traurig | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 14 | Jones Day | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 15 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 16 | Morgan Lewis | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 17 | Paul, Weiss | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 18 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 19 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 20 | DLA Piper | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 21 | Freshfields | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 22 | Fried Frank | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 23 | Quinn Emanuel | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 24 | Ropes & Gray | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 25 | White & Case | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 26 | A&O Shearman | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 27 | Hogan Lovells | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | Milbank | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 29 | Sidley Austin | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 30 | Akin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Arnold & Porter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Cooley | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | King & Spalding | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Paul Hastings | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Williams & Connolly | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | WilmerHale | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Commercial litigation
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Quinn Emanuel | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 18 |
| 2 | Kirkland & Ellis | 18/24 | 75.0% | 55.1–88.0% | 0 |
| 3 | Skadden | 18/24 | 75.0% | 55.1–88.0% | 1 |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 0 |
| 5 | Susman Godfrey | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 2 |
| 6 | Williams & Connolly | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 0 |
| 7 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 0 |
| 8 | Gibson Dunn | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 0 |
| 9 | Latham & Watkins | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 0 |
| 10 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 11 | King & Spalding | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 12 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 3 |
| 13 | Arnold & Porter | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 14 | Jones Day | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 15 | Cooley | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 16 | Greenberg Traurig | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 17 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 18 | Hogan Lovells | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 19 | Covington & Burling | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 20 | Freshfields | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 21 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 22 | Davis Polk | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 23 | Proskauer Rose | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 24 | Sidley Austin | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 25 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 26 | White & Case | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 27 | WilmerHale | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 29 | Akin | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 30 | Baker McKenzie | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Cleary Gottlieb | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | DLA Piper | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Morgan Lewis | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Paul Hastings | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Ropes & Gray | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: FCPA and internal investigations
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gibson Dunn | 19/24 | 79.2% | 59.5–90.8% | 11 |
| 2 | Paul, Weiss | 18/24 | 75.0% | 55.1–88.0% | 3 |
| 3 | Covington & Burling | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 2 |
| 4 | WilmerHale | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 2 |
| 5 | Latham & Watkins | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 0 |
| 6 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 12/24 | 50.0% | 31.4–68.6% | 1 |
| 7 | Paul Hastings | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 1 |
| 8 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 9 | Davis Polk | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 10 | Williams & Connolly | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 11 | Kirkland & Ellis | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 12 | Sidley Austin | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 13 | Skadden | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 14 | Baker McKenzie | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 15 | Ropes & Gray | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 16 | Wilson Sonsini | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 2 |
| 17 | King & Spalding | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 18 | Akin | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 19 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 20 | White & Case | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 2 |
| 21 | DLA Piper | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 22 | Jones Day | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 23 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 24 | Arnold & Porter | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 25 | Cleary Gottlieb | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 26 | Quinn Emanuel | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 27 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 29 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 30 | Cooley | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Freshfields | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Morgan Lewis | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Proskauer Rose | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Private equity
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kirkland & Ellis | 24/24 | 100.0% | 86.2–100.0% | 22 |
| 2 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 0 |
| 3 | Latham & Watkins | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 0 |
| 4 | Ropes & Gray | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 0 |
| 5 | Goodwin Procter | 19/24 | 79.2% | 59.5–90.8% | 0 |
| 6 | Paul, Weiss | 19/24 | 79.2% | 59.5–90.8% | 0 |
| 7 | Cleary Gottlieb | 18/24 | 75.0% | 55.1–88.0% | 0 |
| 8 | Skadden | 16/24 | 66.7% | 46.7–82.0% | 0 |
| 9 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 2 |
| 10 | Gibson Dunn | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 11 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 12 | Davis Polk | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 13 | Fried Frank | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 14 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 15 | Paul Hastings | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 16 | Proskauer Rose | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 17 | Cooley | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 18 | Morgan Lewis | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 19 | DLA Piper | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 20 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 21 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 22 | Akin | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 23 | Baker McKenzie | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 24 | King & Spalding | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 25 | Sidley Austin | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 26 | White & Case | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 27 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | Freshfields | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 29 | Jones Day | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 30 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 31 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Arnold & Porter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Covington & Burling | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Greenberg Traurig | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Milbank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Quinn Emanuel | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Williams & Connolly | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | WilmerHale | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
Question group: Restructuring and bankruptcy
24 returned four-engine answers to this group's 2 questions. No pooled group leader is asserted.
| # | Name | Named answers | Rate | 95% interval | Named first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kirkland & Ellis | 23/24 | 95.8% | 79.8–99.3% | 16 |
| 2 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges | 23/24 | 95.8% | 79.8–99.3% | 7 |
| 3 | Latham & Watkins | 21/24 | 87.5% | 69.0–95.7% | 1 |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 20/24 | 83.3% | 64.1–93.3% | 0 |
| 5 | Davis Polk | 15/24 | 62.5% | 42.7–78.8% | 0 |
| 6 | Milbank | 14/24 | 58.3% | 38.8–75.5% | 0 |
| 7 | Akin | 13/24 | 54.2% | 35.1–72.1% | 0 |
| 8 | Gibson Dunn | 11/24 | 45.8% | 27.9–64.9% | 0 |
| 9 | Cleary Gottlieb | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 10 | White & Case | 10/24 | 41.7% | 24.5–61.2% | 0 |
| 11 | Jones Day | 9/24 | 37.5% | 21.2–57.3% | 0 |
| 12 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 8/24 | 33.3% | 18.0–53.3% | 0 |
| 13 | Paul Hastings | 7/24 | 29.2% | 14.9–49.2% | 0 |
| 14 | Skadden | 6/24 | 25.0% | 12.0–44.9% | 0 |
| 15 | Proskauer Rose | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 16 | Quinn Emanuel | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 17 | Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | 5/24 | 20.8% | 9.2–40.5% | 0 |
| 18 | Willkie Farr & Gallagher | 4/24 | 16.7% | 6.7–35.9% | 0 |
| 19 | Arnold & Porter | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 20 | King & Spalding | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 21 | Ropes & Gray | 3/24 | 12.5% | 4.3–31.0% | 0 |
| 22 | Greenberg Traurig | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 23 | Morgan Lewis | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 24 | WilmerHale | 2/24 | 8.3% | 2.3–25.8% | 0 |
| 25 | DLA Piper | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 26 | McDermott Will & Schulte | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 27 | Sidley Austin | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 28 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 1/24 | 4.2% | 0.7–20.2% | 0 |
| 29 | A&O Shearman | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 30 | Baker McKenzie | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 31 | Boies Schiller Flexner | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 32 | Cooley | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 33 | Covington & Burling | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 34 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 35 | Debevoise & Plimpton | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 36 | Freshfields | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 37 | Fried Frank | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 38 | Goodwin Procter | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 39 | Hogan Lovells | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 40 | Susman Godfrey | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 41 | Williams & Connolly | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 42 | Wilson Sonsini | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
| 43 | Withers | 0/24 | 0.0% | 0.0–13.8% | 0 |
The top eight, side by side
| # | Name | Appearance rate | Answers and interval | Other measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 67.4% | 194/288 answers · 95% CI 61.7–72.5% | first-mention position: 4.6; owned-domain citation (99/288): 34.4%; citation share: 4.6% |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 66.7% | 192/288 answers · 95% CI 61–71.9% | first-mention position: 3.9; owned-domain citation (80/288): 27.8%; citation share: 3.5% |
| 3 | Kirkland & Ellis | 55.9% | 161/288 answers · 95% CI 50.1–61.5% | first-mention position: 3.4; owned-domain citation (37/288): 12.8%; citation share: 1.5% |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 53.8% | 155/288 answers · 95% CI 48–59.5% | first-mention position: 5.4; owned-domain citation (46/288): 16%; citation share: 2.1% |
| 5 | Gibson Dunn | 51.0% | 147/288 answers · 95% CI 45.3–56.8% | first-mention position: 5.1; owned-domain citation (62/288): 21.5%; citation share: 2.5% |
| 6 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 33.3% | 96/288 answers · 95% CI 28.1–39% | first-mention position: 6.1; owned-domain citation (24/288): 8.3%; citation share: 0.9% |
| 7 | Davis Polk | 31.6% | 91/288 answers · 95% CI 26.5–37.2% | first-mention position: 6.8; owned-domain citation (9/288): 3.1%; citation share: 0.4% |
| 8 | Cleary Gottlieb | 31.3% | 90/288 answers · 95% CI 26.2–36.8% | first-mention position: 5.7; owned-domain citation (22/288): 7.6%; citation share: 0.9% |
Claude named White & Case in 31 of 72 answers. The other engines named it in 10 to 14 of 72. Claude named Davis Polk in 38 of 72 answers. The other engines named it in 12 to 25 of 72.
ChatGPT
72 asked · 72 returned · 72 grounded
Same questions, different answers
Latham & Watkins
73.6%
Skadden
70.8%
Gibson Dunn
47.2%
Paul, Weiss
43.1%
Kirkland & Ellis
41.7%
Sullivan & Cromwell
37.5%
Claude
72 asked · 72 returned · 72 grounded
Kirkland & Ellis
75.0%
Latham & Watkins
69.4%
Paul, Weiss
69.4%
Skadden
62.5%
Gibson Dunn
59.7%
Davis Polk
52.8%
Gemini
72 asked · 72 returned · 72 grounded
Latham & Watkins
76.4%
Skadden
73.6%
Paul, Weiss
72.2%
Gibson Dunn
68.1%
Kirkland & Ellis
63.9%
Sullivan & Cromwell
37.5%
Perplexity
72 asked · 72 returned · 72 grounded
Skadden
62.5%
Latham & Watkins
47.2%
Kirkland & Ellis
43.1%
Paul, Weiss
30.6%
Gibson Dunn
29.2%
Debevoise & Plimpton
25.0%
Google AI Overviews were captured through 41 U.S. desktop searches and scored only where an overview appeared, so five-engine figures use 288 + 35 = 323 answers.
The fifth engine
85%
Trigger rate: 35 of 41 searches
Google AI Overviews appeared on 35 of 41 searches (85.4%, CI 71.6–93.1%). The other 6 searches showed no overview. Within the 35 overviews, Latham & Watkins was named in 22 (62.9%), Kirkland & Ellis was named in 22 (62.9%), Skadden was named in 20 (57.1%), Paul, Weiss was named in 17 (48.6%). vault.com was the most-cited source, with 7 citations and an appearance in 7 of 35 overviews.
| Five-engine rank | Name | Five-engine rate | Four-engine rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skadden | 66.3% | 1 |
| 2 | Latham & Watkins | 66.3% | 2 |
| 3 | Kirkland & Ellis | 56.7% | 3 |
| 4 | Paul, Weiss | 53.3% | 4 |
| 5 | Gibson Dunn | 48.9% | 5 |
| 6 | Sullivan & Cromwell | 34.4% | 6 |
| 7 | Cleary Gottlieb | 31.0% | 8 |
| 8 | Davis Polk | 30.3% | 7 |
| 9 | Cravath, Swaine & Moore | 27.2% | 11 |
| 10 | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 26.6% | 10 |
Who each question surfaces first
Six questions from the set. Each tile uses that question's own four-engine answers as the denominator.
| Question | Leader | Next | AI Overview |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q01 · 12 answers | Skadden 100.0% | Latham & Watkins 100.0%; Kirkland & Ellis 100.0% | AI Overview shown on 3 of 3 searches |
| Q02 · 12 answers | Kirkland & Ellis 100.0% | Latham & Watkins 100.0%; Skadden 100.0% | AI Overview shown on 3 of 3 searches |
| Q04 · 12 answers | Gibson Dunn 100.0% | Skadden 100.0%; Debevoise & Plimpton 75.0% | AI Overview shown on 2 of 2 searches |
| Q05 · 12 answers | Latham & Watkins 100.0% | Cleary Gottlieb 75.0%; Skadden 75.0% | AI Overview shown on 2 of 2 searches |
| Q06 · 12 answers | Latham & Watkins 100.0% | Skadden 100.0%; Paul Hastings 83.3% | AI Overview shown on 1 of 1 searches |
The four engines produced 2,539 citations in total. chambers.com was cited most often, with 250 citations (9.8%) across 152 answers. Next came skadden.com (116), bestlawfirms.com (106), legal500.com (99), lw.com (88), en.wikipedia.org (65).
Four AI engines · share of 288 grounded answers
Most-cited domains
chambers.com
52.8%
skadden.com
34.4%
legal500.com
31.9%
lw.com
27.8%
gibsondunn.com
21.5%
en.wikipedia.org
18.1%
bestlawfirms.com
17.7%
vault.com
16.7%
paulweiss.com
16.0%
kirkland.com
12.8%
Google AI Overviews · share of 35 overviews
vault.com
20.0%
chambers.com
8.6%
en.wikipedia.org
8.6%
pillsburylaw.com
8.6%
pro.bloomberglaw.com
8.6%
reddit.com
8.6%
bcgsearch.com
5.7%
bestlawyers.com
5.7%
lw.com
5.7%
skadden.com
5.7%
Citation share by source type
Share of all citations by the type of site cited.
| Source type | Four AI engines (of 2,539 citations) | Google AI Overviews (of 69 citations) |
|---|---|---|
| Company / brand sites | 1,446 (57%) | 38 (55.1%) |
| Directories / rankings | 677 (26.7%) | 15 (21.7%) |
| Trade / specialist press | 131 (5.2%) | 4 (5.8%) |
| Reference | 74 (2.9%) | 3 (4.3%) |
| Other / unclassified | 60 (2.4%) | 3 (4.3%) |
| General news / business press | 57 (2.2%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| Research / data providers | 47 (1.9%) | 1 (1.4%) |
| Community / social | 18 (0.7%) | 3 (4.3%) |
| Institutions / trade bodies | 14 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Official / government | 9 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Review / comparison publishers | 6 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) |
How can law firms improve their AI visibility?
These steps follow from the measured results above. They describe what the engines cited in this study and are not a guarantee of results.
| Step | What this study measured |
|---|---|
| Put your facts on your own domain. | Skadden's own domains were cited in 34.4% of grounded answers, Latham & Watkins' in 27.8% and Gibson Dunn's in 21.5%. |
| Keep your facts accurate on the sites engines cite. | The most-cited sites other than the tracked names' own were chambers.com (in 52.8% of grounded answers), legal500.com (31.9%), en.wikipedia.org (18.1%), bestlawfirms.com (17.7%) and vault.com (16.7%). Directories and rankings supplied 26.7% of citations and trade and specialist press 5.2%. |
| Check each engine separately. | Gemini named Paul, Weiss in 72.2% of answers against 30.6% on Perplexity. Gemini named Gibson Dunn in 68.1% of answers against 29.2% on Perplexity. |
| Do not ignore video and community sites. | Community and social sites supplied 2.2% of Google AI Overview citations against 0.7% in the four chat engines. reddit.com was cited in 8.6% of overviews. |
| Watch names outside the tracked list. | Holland & Knight LLP (31 answers), Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP (21 answers), Crowell & Moring LLP (20 answers), Miller & Chevalier Chartered (18 answers), Mayer Brown LLP (18 answers) were named often but were not tracked. |
| Re-run the same questions every month. | Compare counts and intervals, not ranks. The 24 questions are in the appendix. |
What AI answers
Which elite law firms appear in these AI answers?
Skadden: 194/288 returned four-engine answers (67.4%; 95% interval 61.7–72.5%). The two leading intervals overlap; no sole leader is established.
Which tracked name is named first most often?
Kirkland & Ellis was the first firm named in 60 of 288 answers, with an average first position of 3.4.
How often do Google AI Overviews appear for these questions?
An overview appeared on 35 of 41 searches (85.4%, CI 71.6–93.1%). Within those 35 overviews, Latham & Watkins and Kirkland & Ellis were named most often, in 22 each (62.9%).
Which sources do the engines cite?
Across 2,539 four-engine citations, chambers.com was cited most (250 citations, in 152 of 288 grounded answers), followed by skadden.com (116 citations).
Do the four engines agree?
Only in part. Claude named White & Case in 31 of 72 answers, against 10 to 14 of 72 on the other engines. Claude named Davis Polk in 38 of 72 answers, against 12 to 25 of 72 on the other engines.
How this study was measured
24 questions × 3 runs each × 4 AI engines = 288 answers + 41 Google searches · 35 AI Overviews
24 questions asked three times on each of ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity, measured November 6 to 7, 2026. United States, English; Google retrieval uses desktop results. Models: gpt-5-mini, claude-sonnet-5-5, gemini-3.6-flash only, sonar-pro. Google AI Overviews come from DataForSEO, not inferred chat answers. Appearance counts returned text, including ungrounded answers; citation rates use grounded answers. Longer overlapping names suppress shorter ones; First mention is the earliest eligible name order. Own-domain rates include declared domains and subdomains; shared parent scopes may count for multiple names and cannot be summed as unique citations.
| Engine | Model IDs called | Asked | Returned | Grounded |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT | gpt-5-mini | 72 | 72 | 72 |
| Claude | claude-sonnet-5-5 | 72 | 72 | 72 |
| Gemini | gemini-3.6-flash | 72 | 72 | 72 |
| Perplexity | sonar-pro | 72 | 72 | 72 |
| Google AI Overviews | DataForSEO Google SERP (live, advanced) | 41 | 35 shown | 35 |
Own-domain citations count a domain plus all its subdomains, with the same rule in every table.
Definitions
- Appearance rate: answers naming the tracked name ÷ answers returned, with Wilson 95% intervals.
- First mention: average order in which the tracked name first appears (1 = first).
- Own-domain citation: grounded answers citing the tracked name's domains ÷ grounded answers.
- Citation share: citations to the tracked name's domains ÷ all citations.
Limits
- Only 43 tracked firms are ranked; results are not an exhaustive market ranking.
- Only the tracked firms were scored. Untracked names that appeared often were not scored, including Holland & Knight LLP (31 answers), Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP (21 answers), Crowell & Moring LLP (20 answers), Miller & Chevalier Chartered (18 answers), Mayer Brown LLP (18 answers).
- 329 of 360 planned results were returned: 31 of 72 AI Overview lookups were excluded after three attempts because Google search retrieval failed or returned incomplete results. They are not counted as no-overview results.
- 41 successful Google searches: 35 overviews shown; 6 without an overview. Failures are excluded, not scored as zero.
- All returned chat answers had search sources.
- No Core question names a tracked name.
- Source types use Company / brand sites only for verified official sites; other unresolved sites are Other / unclassified.
- Wilson 95% intervals are descriptive; overlapping leading intervals do not establish a sole leader. Measurements do not endorse medical, legal, financial or product claims.
- Hogan Lovells and Cadwalader merged as Hogan Lovells Cadwalader on July 1, 2026 (hlc.com). A&O Shearman counts its former names Allen & Overy and Shearman & Sterling. Akin Gump rebranded as Akin in 2023 (akin.com belongs to an unrelated company, so it is not counted as Akin's site); McDermott Will & Emery and Schulte Roth & Zabel combined in 2025 as McDermott Will & Schulte (former names count). The index counts how often names appear and makes no legal claim.
- Google Shopping and unresolved google.com/goto links are excluded from cited sources; original URLs remain in the evidence.
- Appearance rates use all returned four-engine answers; own-site citation rates use grounded answers, so the two are separate measures.
- Answers were collected through each engine's API using the model IDs listed in the methodology. The consumer ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity apps can answer differently.
Appendix: The 24 questions
Questions marked "Core question" are the original study questions, asked word for word. The others are added neutral questions.
| # | Question | Group | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | What are the top law firms in the US? | Overall | Core question |
| 02 | Which law firms are best for large M&A transactions? | M&A | Core question |
| 03 | Which law firms are best for white-collar criminal defense? | White-collar defense | Core question |
| 04 | Which firms are leading for SEC enforcement defense? | SEC enforcement | Core question |
| 05 | Which law firms are best for antitrust merger review? | Antitrust | Core question |
| 06 | Which firms handle CFIUS reviews? | CFIUS and national security | Core question |
| 07 | Which law firms are best for trusts and estates for ultra-high-net-worth families? | Trusts and estates | Core question |
| 08 | Which law firms are best for tax planning for large corporations? | Tax | Core question |
| 09 | Which law firms are best for high-stakes commercial litigation? | Commercial litigation | Core question |
| 10 | Which law firms are best for FCPA investigations? | FCPA and internal investigations | Core question |
| 11 | Which law firms are best for private equity fund formation? | Private equity | Core question |
| 12 | Which law firms are best for restructuring and bankruptcy? | Restructuring and bankruptcy | Core question |
| 13 | Which law firms advise on the largest public company mergers? | M&A | Added question |
| 14 | Which law firms represent boards in hostile takeover defense? | M&A | Added question |
| 15 | Which law firms represent executives in federal criminal investigations? | White-collar defense | Added question |
| 16 | Which law firms have former SEC officials in their enforcement practice? | SEC enforcement | Added question |
| 17 | Which law firms represent companies in DOJ antitrust investigations? | Antitrust | Added question |
| 18 | Which law firms advise foreign investors on US national security reviews? | CFIUS and national security | Added question |
| 19 | Which law firms advise family offices on estate planning? | Trusts and estates | Added question |
| 20 | Which law firms represent companies in IRS tax disputes? | Tax | Added question |
| 21 | Which law firms are known for bet-the-company trials? | Commercial litigation | Added question |
| 22 | Which law firms conduct internal investigations for corporate boards? | FCPA and internal investigations | Added question |
| 23 | Which law firms advise private equity firms on buyouts? | Private equity | Added question |
| 24 | Which law firms represent debtors in Chapter 11 cases? | Restructuring and bankruptcy | Added question |
About 5W
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